Linux環境構築基礎知識：パッケージマネジャーの導入

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% apt moo
                 (__) 
                 (oo) 
           /------\/ 
          / |    ||   
         *  /\---/\ 
            ~~   ~~   
..."Have you mooed today?"...

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% ar t zoom_amd64.deb
debian-binary
control.tar.xz
data.tar.xz
_gpgbuilder

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% apt-cache show gzip              
Package: gzip
Architecture: amd64
Version: 1.10-0ubuntu4
Priority: required
Essential: yes
Section: utils
Origin: Ubuntu
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com>
Original-Maintainer: Bdale Garbee <bdale@gag.com>
Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug
Installed-Size: 245
Pre-Depends: libc6 (>= 2.17)
Depends: dpkg (>= 1.15.4) | install-info
Suggests: less
Filename: pool/main/g/gzip/gzip_1.10-0ubuntu4_amd64.deb
...

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% apt show code
ackage: code
Version: 1.52.1-1608136922
Priority: optional
Section: devel
Maintainer: Microsoft Corporation <vscode-linux@microsoft.com>
Installed-Size: 273 MB
Provides: visual-studio-code
Depends: libnss3 (>= 2:3.26), gnupg, apt, libxkbfile1, libsecret-1-0, libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.10.0), libxss1, libgbm1
Conflicts: visual-studio-code
Replaces: visual-studio-code
Homepage: https://code.visualstudio.com/
Download-Size: 64.8 MB
APT-Manual-Installed: yes
APT-Sources: https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/code stable/main amd64 Packages
Description: Code editing. Redefined.
 Visual Studio Code is a new choice of tool that combines the simplicity of a code editor with what developers need for the core edit-build-debug cycle. See https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/setup/linux for installation instructions and FAQ.

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% apt depends code
code
  Depends: libnss3 (>= 2:3.26)
  Depends: gnupg
  Depends: apt
  Depends: libxkbfile1
  Depends: libsecret-1-0
  Depends: libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.10.0)
  Depends: libxss1
  Depends: libgbm1
  Conflicts: <visual-studio-code>
  Replaces: <visual-studio-code>
    code

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% man apt
install, reinstall, remove, purge (apt-get(8))
           Performs the requested action on one or more packages specified via
           regex(7), glob(7) or exact match. The requested action can be overridden
           for specific packages by appending a plus (+) to the package name to
           install this package or a minus (-) to remove it.

           A specific version of a package can be selected for installation by
           following the package name with an equals (=) and the version of the
           package to select. Alternatively the version from a specific release can
           be selected by following the package name with a forward slash (/) and
           codename (buster, bullseye, sid ...) or suite name (stable, testing,
           unstable). This will also select versions from this release for
           dependencies of this package if needed to satisfy the request.

           Removing a package removes all packaged data, but leaves usually small
           (modified) user configuration files behind, in case the remove was an
           accident. Just issuing an installation request for the accidentally
           removed package will restore its function as before in that case. On the
           other hand you can get rid of these leftovers by calling purge even on
           already removed packages. Note that this does not affect any data or
           configuration stored in your home directory.

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% man apt
autoremove (apt-get(8))
           autoremove is used to remove packages that were automatically installed
           to satisfy dependencies for other packages and are now no longer needed
           as dependencies changed or the package(s) needing them were removed in
           the meantime.

           You should check that the list does not include applications you have
           grown to like even though they were once installed just as a dependency
           of another package. You can mark such a package as manually installed by
           using apt-mark(8). Packages which you have installed explicitly via
           install are also never proposed for automatic removal.

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% apt autoremove --just-print    
NOTE: This is only a simulation!
      apt needs root privileges for real execution.
      Keep also in mind that locking is deactivated,
      so don't depend on the relevance to the real current situation!
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  libevent-core-2.1-7 libevent-pthreads-2.1-7 libopts25 sntp
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 4 to remove and 67 not upgraded.
Remv sntp [1:4.2.8p12+dfsg-3ubuntu4.20.04.1]
Remv libevent-pthreads-2.1-7 [2.1.11-stable-1]
Remv libevent-core-2.1-7 [2.1.11-stable-1]
Remv libopts25 [1:5.18.16-3]

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% dpkg -L vim   
/.
/usr
/usr/bin
/usr/bin/vim.basic
/usr/share
/usr/share/bug
/usr/share/bug/vim
/usr/share/bug/vim/presubj
/usr/share/bug/vim/script
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/vim
/usr/share/doc/vim/NEWS.Debian.gz
/usr/share/doc/vim/changelog.Debian.gz
/usr/share/doc/vim/copyright
/usr/share/lintian
/usr/share/lintian/overrides
/usr/share/lintian/overrides/vim

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% cat /etc/apt/sources.list
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS _Jammy Jellyfish_ - Release amd64 (20230223)]/ jammy main restricted

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted
...